ABSTRACT
Purpose@#Few reports have investigated the correlation between functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and the degree of obesity in children and adolescents. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between FGIDs and the degree of obesity in children and adolescents. @*Methods@#Children and adolescents (<19 years old) who had undergone abdominopelvic computed tomography and had been diagnosed with FGIDs from 2015 to 2016 were included in this retrospective case-control study in a ratio of 1:2. Abdominal visceral fat was measured using an image analysis software. @*Results@#The mean age of all 54 FGID patients was 12.9±3.4 years, and the male: female ratio was 1:1.2. We observed no difference in body mass index (BMI) between the FGID and control groups (19.5±4.6 vs. 20.6±4.3 kg/m2 , p=0.150). However, the FGID group had less abdominal visceral fat than that of the control group (26.2±20.0 vs. 34.4±26.9 cm2 , p=0.048). Boys in the FGID group had lower BMI (18.5±3.5 vs. 20.9±4.3 kg/m2 , p=0.019) and less abdominal visceral fat (22.8±15.9 vs. 35.9±31.8 cm2 , p=0.020) than those of boys in the control group. However, we found no difference in BMI (20.5±5.3 vs. 20.4±4.2 kg/m2 , p=0.960) and abdominal visceral fat (29.0±22.9 vs. 33.1±22.1 cm2 , p=0.420) between girls in both groups. @*Conclusion@#Our study revealed a difference in the relationship between FGID and the degree of obesity according to sex, which suggests that sex hormones influence the pathogenesis of FGIDs. Multicenter studies with larger cohorts are required to clarify the correlation between FGID subtypes and the degree of obesity.
ABSTRACT
Background@#There is little data regarding types of idiopathic premature ventricular complex (PVC) according to heart rate dependence. @*Methods@#One hundred and sixty-eight patients with idiopathic PVC were enrolled in this study. Evaluation of the number of PVCs and total ventricular beats, and the density of PVC was done using 24 h Holter monitoring. Patients were divided into groups as having: fast rate-dependent (Group I), slow rate-dependent (Group II), and heart rateindependent PVC (Group III) based on the relationship between the number of hourly PVC and hourly heart rate. After ß-blocker medication, 24 h Holter monitoring was repeated. @*Results@#Among the 168 subjects, 66 (39.3%) patients were in Group I, 18 (10.7%) in Group II, and 84 (50.0%) in Group III. There were no significant differences in the baseline number of PVCs and total ventricular beats, and the density of PVC among the three groups. The number of PVCs was significantly reduced in patients with Group I (14,030 ± 11,463 beats/day vs. 7401 ± 10,464 beats/day, p < 0.001), and total ventricular beat was significantly reduced in patients with Group I (109,223 ± 17,564 beats/day vs. 96,182 ± 15,594 beats/day, p < 0.001) and Group III (106,515 ± 13,468 beats/ day vs. 97,995 ± 12,960 beats/day, p < 0.001) after ß-blocker medication. The density of PVC was significantly reduced only in patients of Group I (12.9 ± 10.3% vs. 7.4 ± 10.3%, p = 0.001) after ß-blocker medication. @*Conclusions@#The type of PVC according to the heart rate dependence should be considered when treating idi‑ opathic PVC with ß-blockers.
ABSTRACT
Background@#There is little data regarding types of idiopathic premature ventricular complex (PVC) according to heart rate dependence. @*Methods@#One hundred and sixty-eight patients with idiopathic PVC were enrolled in this study. Evaluation of the number of PVCs and total ventricular beats, and the density of PVC was done using 24 h Holter monitoring. Patients were divided into groups as having: fast rate-dependent (Group I), slow rate-dependent (Group II), and heart rateindependent PVC (Group III) based on the relationship between the number of hourly PVC and hourly heart rate. After ß-blocker medication, 24 h Holter monitoring was repeated. @*Results@#Among the 168 subjects, 66 (39.3%) patients were in Group I, 18 (10.7%) in Group II, and 84 (50.0%) in Group III. There were no significant differences in the baseline number of PVCs and total ventricular beats, and the density of PVC among the three groups. The number of PVCs was significantly reduced in patients with Group I (14,030 ± 11,463 beats/day vs. 7401 ± 10,464 beats/day, p < 0.001), and total ventricular beat was significantly reduced in patients with Group I (109,223 ± 17,564 beats/day vs. 96,182 ± 15,594 beats/day, p < 0.001) and Group III (106,515 ± 13,468 beats/ day vs. 97,995 ± 12,960 beats/day, p < 0.001) after ß-blocker medication. The density of PVC was significantly reduced only in patients of Group I (12.9 ± 10.3% vs. 7.4 ± 10.3%, p = 0.001) after ß-blocker medication. @*Conclusions@#The type of PVC according to the heart rate dependence should be considered when treating idi‑ opathic PVC with ß-blockers.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Blow out fracture resulting from facial trauma is of high frequency among facial bone fractures, and can cause severe complications. So, proper post-operative management and close observation are needed. So far, Computed tomography has been the best method in evaluating following orbit wall reconstruction. However, cost-effectiveness, accessibility to patients and hazard of radiation exposure of computed tomography require supplementary measure for the evaluation following orbit wall reconstruction. This study was performed to describe the effectiveness of ultrasonography in the evaluation following orbit wall reconstruction. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 40 patients who underwent orbit wall reconstruction from June, 2008 to July, 2008. The patients' ages ranged from 13 to 65 years with the mean of 27.5 years. The patient group was composed of 27 males and 13 females. The follow up period ranged from 2 weeks to 28 weeks with the mean of 11 weeks. Preoperatively, all fractures were diagnosed using computed tomography. Ultrasonography for all cases, and computed tomography for 2 cases were performed for evaluation following orbit wall reconstruction. RESULTS: Reduction of herniated orbital soft tissue and orbit implant was identified by using ultrasonography in 38 cases out of 40 cases. In other cases which we could not identify the orbit implant, computed tomography was performed. CONCLUSION: Compared to computed tomography, ultrasonography is a simple, inexpensive and convenient method. Ultrasonography can be used as supplementary measure to computed tomography in the evaluation following orbit wall reconstruction for elective patients.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Facial Bones , Follow-Up Studies , Orbit , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Axillary osmidrosis is a distressing disorder characterized by unpleasant odor from axillary area and it is mainly associated with apocrine glands but also associated with eccrine glands. For surgical treatment of osmidrosis, recently ultrasound assisted liposuction(UAL) had been performed for many patients. According to the recent studies about ultrasound assisted liposuction for the treatment of osmidrosis, histologic studies about apocrine gland had been applied for 35 cases, but there were rare mention about eccrine gland and the relationship between two glands. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of ultrasound assisted liposuction for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis on apocrine and eccrine glands. METHODS: From January 2004 to January 2007, 35 patients underwent ultrasound assisted liposuction for the treatment of osmidrosis and 5 patients underwent histologic studies. Histologic examinations were performed before and after ultrasound assisted liposuction and each biopsy was performed in central axillary area. The volume ratio of both glands, presence of degeneration were examined. And in aspirates, distribution and density of both glands and their morphological changes were examined. RESULTS: Preoperative biopsy results showed average volume ratio of apocrine glands to eccrine glands was 65:35. According to the postoperative biopsy results, the volume of apocrine glands in dermis were significantly reduced and glands were degenerated, but the volume of eccrine glands were slightly reduced and glands were mildly damaged. And the average volume ratio of two glands was 20:80. According to biopsy results of aspirates, the volume ratio of two glands was 85:15 and apocrine glands had significantly greater proportion. CONCLUSION: By comparison of each biopsy result, apocrine glands were more significantly reduced and degenerated than eccrine glands in all 5 cases. However, further studies with large sample sizes and close examinations are required.